景観にさりげなく寄り添う、ヘルツォーク＆ド・ムーロンが手がけた約1万8000平方フィート（約1670㎡）の建築物は、柔らかく反射するメタルクラッディングで覆われており、建築と自然界、物質と非物質の境界を曖昧にします。

交通量の多いパークウェイから、木々に囲まれた草原のような風景の中を通る小道を通って建物に近づくと、建物の北側ファサードにあるメインエントランスに到着します。この敷居の向こう側には、地上に現れる一連の空間が、それぞれ異なるボリュームとして存在します。そこでは、カルダーの最も高く評価されている作品が次々と展示されます。大きな窓からは自然光が入り、カルダーの作品の幾何学的な形状の変化や、屋外ギャラリーとして設計された様々な庭の景色を眺めることができます。サンクンガーデンとヴェスティージガーデンは、建物内部から見える大きなガラスを通して見ることができます。同じように屋外から建物の展示スペースも見ることができます。ヘルツォーグ＆ド・ムーロンのデザインは、静かでありながら演劇的であり、作品のインパクトを増幅させるように考案されています。また、来場者にさまざまな視点を提供することで、作品の動的特性への関与を促します。そして、発見と内省も促すのです。

ヘルツォーグ＆ド・ムーロンが設計した建築物とピート・ウードルフが構想した庭園とのシームレスな関係は、カルダー・ガーデンの哲学の中心をなしています。この庭園は、四季を通じて楽しめる自然主義的な庭園であり、パークウェイにある他の人工的な庭園とは全く異なる体験をもたらすことを意図しています。

オードルフは言います。
「私の庭園は、常に変化する生きた彫刻のようなものだと考えています」
「敷地は作業をするためのキャンバスのようなもので、それぞれの植物には個性があり、他の植物とうまく調和する必要があります。庭の構成は可変であり、季節を通じて進化していきます。カルダー・ガーデンズにとって、園芸デザインは芸術作品にも奉仕しなければなりません。私の願いは、人々がここで立ち止まり、考える時間を持つことです。そして、これらの要素を一緒に体験することで、訪れた後もずっと心に残るような感動を味わってほしいのです。何を見るかではなく、何を感じるかが重要なのです」

こちらはジャック・ヘルツォーグによるステートメント

形、色、動きは、カルダーの芸術における多くの優れた側面の中で最も明白なものです。そのため、彼の作品を展示するための建築を構想する際には、それらをデザイン要素として取り入れるのではなく、むしろ避けたいと考えていました。
ヴァイン・ストリートとベンジャミン・フランクリン・パークウェイの間にあるこの土地は、あまり魅力的ではありません。私たちは、ベンジャミン・フランクリン・パークウェイ沿いに立ち並ぶ美術館の建物に、単に別の美術館を加えるのではなく、植物と庭園によって、この場所をうまく変え、フィラデルフィアの人々にとって魅力的な場所にすることができるのではないかと考えたのです。

そのすべては、私たちのデザインに大きな影響を与えました。決まったプログラムに基づく完成形ではなく、自由なプロセスでデザインされました。上に建物の形やボリュームを作るのではなく、地面を削り出すようなコンセプチュアルな道。私たちは、カルダーの作品を前例のない新しい方法で紹介するためのスペースを探していました。

創作の中でその空間は、様々なギャラリーや、意外な空間、ニッチ、庭園への全体のシークエンスに発展しました。例えば、後陣、擬似ギャラリー、オープンプラン・ギャラリー、サンクンガーデン、ベステージ・ガーデンなどです。古典的な感覚でのギャラリーだけでなく、あらゆるコーナーや角度、階段や廊下も、アートを置く場所として提供されるべきなのです。

このような、アートと共にある新しいタイプの場所を求めていたクライアントとの密接な対話を通じてのみ、実現することができたのです。アート、建築、そして人々の相互作用は、挑戦的ではありますが、キュレーターにとっては、カルダーの信じられないほど多面的な作品を、これまでにない新しい方法で展示することができる豊かな可能性を持っています。

以下の写真はクリックで拡大します

こちらはプレスリリースの原文です。

Design Unveiled for Calder Gardens
A New National and International Cultural Destination in the Heart of Downtown Philadelphia on Benjamin Franklin Parkway

World renowned design firm Herzog & de Meuron and acclaimed landscape designer Piet Oudolf have conceived a place where art and nature combine for reflection, contemplation, and learning

The Board of Trustees of Calder Gardens today unveiled the design for its new site on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in the heart of downtown Philadelphia. Featuring a building conceived by Pritzker Prize-winning design practice Herzog & de Meuron and gardens by internationally acclaimed Dutch landscape designer Piet Oudolf, the project is dedicated to the art and ideas of Alexander Calder, a native Philadelphian who is considered one of the most innovative and influential artists of the 20th century.

Featuring galleries illuminated by natural light, in a structure ensconced in a flowing landscape of native and flowering species, Calder Gardens will present a rotating selection of masterworks from the Calder Foundation, New York, including mobiles, stabiles, monumental sculptures, and paintings. “The esthetic value of these objects cannot be arrived at by reasoning,” Calder wrote in 1933. “Familiarization is necessary.” Installed both indoors and outdoors, Calder’s art will be in constant dialogue with nature and the changing atmospheres of the seasons. Calder Gardens will provide the public with a singular place for contemplation and reflection, as well as abundant opportunities for learning and community building through a schedule of inclusive public programs and special events.

“Our intention for Calder Gardens is not only to create the ideal environment for the public to encounter my grandfather’s work but also to elevate personal contemplation and reflection,” said Alexander S. C. Rower, President of the Calder Foundation. “Calder’s role as a pioneer of experiential art is essential to his legacy. For viewers who open themselves up to the possibilities of his mobiles and stabiles, the unexpected takes root. His objects continuously unfold in real time.”

Calder was born in Philadelphia in 1898, and his connections to the city are grounded in the rich artistic lineage of his family. A trio of iconic installations by three generations of Calders can be found along the Benjamin Franklin Parkway: at the southeast end, atop City Hall, stands the monumental statue William Penn (c. 1886–94) by the artist’s grandfather Alexander Milne Calder; at the midpoint sits Swann Memorial Fountain (1924) by his father Alexander Stirling Calder; and at the northwest end is Calder’s own 1964 mobile The Ghost, which hangs majestically in the main hall of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Thus Calder Gardens brings into the 21st century the legacy of a Philadelphia family whose work has defined and enriched the city for over a century.

About the Design

Crafted specifically for the presentation of Calder’s work, the landscape and architecture of Calder Gardens will unfold as a choreographed progression that moves visitors from the quotidian city context to a more contemplative realm beyond the traditional museum experience, allowing them to engage with art as a personal, real-time encounter—as the artist intended.

“This was actually an open-ended process rather than a finished concept based on a fixed program. A kind of conceptual path which made us carve out the ground rather than build forms and volumes above—we were looking for space to present Calder’s work in a new and unprecedented way,” said Jacques Herzog, founding partner along with Pierre de Meuron of Herzog & de Meuron. “That space in the making eventually grew into a whole sequence of different galleries and also rather unexpected spaces, niches and gardens; such as the apse and the quasi-galleries or open plan gallery, the sunken or vestige gardens. And not only galleries in the classical sense, but every corner and angle, every stair and corridor should be offering itself up as a place to put art.”

Discreetly nestled into the landscape, Herzog & de Meuron’s almost 18,000 sq ft structure will be sheathed in softly reflective metal cladding that blurs the boundaries between architecture and the natural world—the material and the immaterial.

Departing the busy Parkway, visitors will approach the building along a path that winds through a meadow-like landscape punctuated by trees, arriving at the main entrance on the building’s north facade. Beyond the threshold, a sequence of spaces will reveal themselves below ground level as distinct volumes that will house a constantly changing display of Calder’s most acclaimed works. Large windows will wash the interiors with natural light and frame both the shifting geometries of Calder’s work and views of different gardens conceived as outdoor galleries. A Sunken Garden and Vestige Garden, visible from within the building through expansive glazing that likewise permits visitors outdoors to see into the building’s exhibition spaces. Quiet but theatrical, Herzog & de Meuron’s design has been conceived to amplify the impact of the artworks—to encourage engagement with their kinetic properties by affording visitors many different vantage points—and catalyze discovery and reflection.

The seamless relationship between the built elements designed by Herzog & de Meuron and the gardens envisioned by Piet Oudolf is central to the philosophy of Calder Gardens. The site will be distinguished by its naturalistic four-season garden, intending to create an entirely different experience than all other cultivated, manicured gardens on the Parkway.

“I see my gardens as living sculptures where change is constant,” Oudolf said. “The site is like a canvas to work on, and each plant has a personality that must work with the others. The composition of the garden is variable and will evolve through the seasons. For Calder Gardens, the horticultural design must also serve the works of art. My hope is that people will take the time to stand still and think here, to fully experience these elements together and have an emotional reaction that stays with them long after their visit. It’s not about what you see, but what you sense.”

ジャック・ヘルツォーグによるステートメントの原文

Form, color, movement are the most obvious of many outstanding aspects in Calder’s Art. We wanted to therefore avoid rather than adopt the use of those as possible design elements when beginning to conceive an architecture for the presentation of his work.
Since the given site between the Vine Street and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway does not have much charm, we felt that plants and gardens could help transform it successfully and turn itself into an attractive place for the people of Philadelphia, rather than simply adding another museum building to the already impressive collection of museums which are lining up along Benjamin Franklin Parkway.

All of that strongly impacted our design – which was actually an open-ended process rather than a finished concept based on a fixed program. A kind of conceptual path which made us carve out the ground rather than build forms and volumes above – we were looking for space to present Calder’s work in a new and unprecedented way.

That space in the making eventually grew into a whole sequence of different galleries and also rather unexpected spaces, niches and gardens; such as the apse and the quasi-galleries or open plan gallery, the sunken or vestige gardens. And not only galleries in the classical sense, but every corner and angle, every stair and corridor should be offering itself up as a place to put art.

We could only do this through a close dialogue with a client who was asking for such a new type of place for being with art: an interplay between art, architecture and people – challenging but with rich potential for the curators to display Calder‘s incredibly multifaceted work in ever new and unexpected ways.

■建築概要

Project Official Name: Calder Gardens
Location: Philadelphia, United States
Project Phases:
Concept Study 2020 – 2021
Schematic Design 2020 – 2021
Design Development 2021 – 2022
Construction Documents 2022 – 2022
Construction Services 2023 – 2024
Milestones Construction Start 2022
Completion 2024
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Herzog & de Meuron Project Team
Partners: Jacques Herzog, Pierre de Meuron, Jason Frantzen(Partner in Charge)
Project Team: Aurelien Caetano (Associate, Project Director),
Mehmet Noyan (Associate, Project Director), Ninoslav Krgovic (Project Manager)
Antoine Foehrenbacher, Julia Hejmanowska, Josh Helin, Neda Mostafavi (Project Architect), Daria Nikolaeva, Martin Jonathan Raub,
Camilla Vespa, Rio Weber
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PLANNING
Design Consultant: Herzog & de Meuron Basel Ltd, CH, Basel, Rheinschanze 6
Executive Architect: Ballinger, The Ballinger Company, US, Philadelphia, 833 Chestnut St
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CONTRACTORS
General Contractor: LF Driscoll
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SPECIAL COLLABORATORS
Landscape Designer: Piet Oudolf
Landscape Architect: Richard Herbert